Chapter Summary
Core Passages from Matthew 6
Matthew 6:21For where your treasure is, there your heart will be also.
This verse explains that our heart's affections are tied to what we value most. If we invest our time and resources in eternal things, our desires will naturally align with God's purposes.Matthew 6:24"No one can serve two masters, for either he will hate the one and love the other, or he will be devoted to the one and despise the other. You cannot serve God and money.
Jesus points out that we cannot have two primary loyalties. We must choose whether we will be driven by the pursuit of wealth or by a commitment to serve God.Matthew 6:33But seek first the kingdom of God and his righteousness, and all these things will be added to you.
This is the 'golden rule' for priorities, promising that when we focus on God's kingdom first, He will take care of our practical necessities.
Historical & Cultural Context
The Call to Secret Sincerity
Jesus is seated on a mountainside in Galilee, continuing the sermon He began in Matthew 5. After explaining how the law should be lived out in our relationships, He now turns to the practice of religious duties. He warns the crowd against 'performing' their faith for others, emphasizing that God is interested in the secret places of our lives.
Trading Anxiety for Kingdom Trust
The teaching shifts from religious rituals to the practicalities of daily survival and financial security. Jesus looks at the birds and flowers to illustrate God's provision, addressing the universal human struggle with worry. He calls His followers to a radical shift in focus, trading their anxiety for a pursuit of God's kingdom.
The Practice of Faith and the Peace of Trust
In Matthew 6:1-34, Jesus addresses the crowd on the mountainside, moving from the 'why' of religious acts to the 'how' of daily living. He uses common examples like giving to the poor and observing nature to show that a life of faith is lived in the presence of a loving Father.
Giving with Secret Generosity (Matthew 6:1-4)
1 "Beware of practicing your righteousness before other people in order to be seen by them, for then you will have no reward from your Father who is in heaven."
2 "Thus, when you give to the needy, sound no trumpet before you, as the hypocrites do in the synagogues and in the streets, that they may be praised by others. Truly, I say to you, they have received their reward."
3 But when you give to the needy, do not let your left hand know what your right hand is doing,
4 so that your giving may be in secret. And your Father who sees in secret will reward you.
Commentary:
Give to help others and please God, not to get a standing ovation from people.
The Pattern of Prayer (Matthew 6:5-15)
5 "And when you pray, you must not be like the hypocrites. For they love to stand and pray in the synagogues and at the street corners, that they may be seen by others. Truly, I say to you, they have received their reward."
6 But when you pray, go into your room and shut the door and pray to your Father who is in secret. And your Father who sees in secret will reward you.
7 "And when you pray, do not heap up empty phrases as the Gentiles do, for they think that they will be heard for their many words."
8 Do not be like them, for your Father knows what you need before you ask him.
9 Pray then like this: "Our Father in heaven, hallowed be your name."
10 Your kingdom come, your will be done, on earth as it is in heaven.
11 Give us this day our daily bread.
12 and forgive us our debts, as we also have forgiven our debtors.
13 And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil.
14 For if you forgive others their trespasses, your heavenly Father will also forgive you,
15 But if you do not forgive others their trespasses, neither will your Father forgive your trespasses.
Commentary:
Pray sincerely to your Father, focusing on His kingdom and a forgiving heart.
Fasting Without the Show (Matthew 6:16-18)
16 "And when you fast, do not look gloomy like the hypocrites, for they disfigure their faces that their fasting may be seen by others. Truly, I say to you, they have received their reward."
17 But when you fast, anoint your head and wash your face,
18 that your fasting may not be seen by others but by your Father who is in secret. And your Father who sees in secret will reward you.
Commentary:
Keep your spiritual sacrifices private so they remain focused on God rather than your reputation.
Choosing the Right Master (Matthew 6:19-24)
19 “Do not lay up for yourselves treasures on earth, where moth and rust destroy and where thieves break in and steal,
20 but lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where neither moth nor rust destroys and where thieves do not break in and steal.
21 For where your treasure is, there your heart will be also.
22 "The eye is the lamp of the body. So, if your eye is healthy, your whole body will be full of light,"
23 But if your eye is bad, your whole body will be full of darkness. If then the light in you is darkness, how great is the darkness!
24 "No one can serve two masters, for either he will hate the one and love the other, or he will be devoted to the one and despise the other. You cannot serve God and money.
Commentary:
Invest your life in eternal things because you cannot serve both God and wealth.
Related Verse Analysis
Overcoming Anxiety through Trust (Matthew 6:25-34)
25 “Therefore I tell you, do not be anxious about your life, what you will eat or what you will drink, nor about your body, what you will put on. Is not life more than food, and the body more than clothing?
26 Look at the birds of the air: they neither sow nor reap nor gather into barns, and yet your heavenly Father feeds them. Are you not of more value than they?
27 And which of you by being anxious can add a single hour to his span of life?
28 And why are you anxious about clothing? Consider the lilies of the field, how they grow: they neither toil nor spin,
29 yet I tell you, even Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like one of these.
30 But if God so clothes the grass of the field, which today is alive and tomorrow is thrown into the oven, will he not much more clothe you, O you of little faith?
31 Therefore do not be anxious, saying, 'What shall we eat?' or 'What shall we drink?' or 'What shall we wear?'
32 For the Gentiles seek after all these things, and your heavenly Father knows that you need them all.
33 But seek first the kingdom of God and his righteousness, and all these things will be added to you.
34 "Therefore do not be anxious about tomorrow, for tomorrow will be anxious for itself. Sufficient for the day is its own trouble."
Commentary:
Stop worrying about the future and trust that the God who feeds the birds will care for you.
The Heart of True Devotion
Sincerity in Worship
Jesus emphasizes that the 'audience of one' is what matters most in our spiritual lives. When we do good things only to be seen, we miss the deep connection with God that comes from secret, honest devotion.
The Fatherhood of God
Throughout this chapter, Jesus repeatedly refers to 'your Father,' which highlights a relationship based on intimacy and trust. This shift from a distant judge to a caring Father changes how we pray and how we view our daily needs.
Kingdom Priorities
Life is more than food and clothes, and Jesus calls us to align our lives with eternal values. By seeking God's kingdom first, we find a security and peace that the world's treasures can never provide.
Applying the Sermon to Your Daily Life
Matthew 6:1-4 suggests doing good deeds in secret to see if you still find joy in them without recognition. If you feel a sting of disappointment when no one notices your kindness, it might be a sign you were seeking human praise rather than God's approval.
Follow the model in Matthew 6:9-13 by focusing on God's character and kingdom before your own needs. Remember that God isn't impressed by 'empty phrases' or long speeches, so you can be honest and direct with Him as your Father.
Look at the 'birds of the air' as Jesus suggests in Matthew 6:26 and remind yourself of your value to God. Practice focusing on 'today's trouble' as mentioned in verse 34, trusting that God will provide the grace you need for tomorrow when it actually arrives.
Trusting the Father Who Sees You
Jesus teaches that the life of a believer is lived under the watchful, loving eye of a Heavenly Father. True devotion isn't a public performance but a private relationship that transforms how we give, pray, and handle our resources. The message is clear: when we stop trying to impress people and start trusting God's provision, we find freedom from both pride and anxiety.
What This Means for Us Today
Jesus invites us to trade the heavy burden of worry for the light yoke of trust. He calls us to live with an eternal perspective, knowing that our Father sees us and cares for us deeply.
- What is one thing you are worrying about today that you can hand over to God?
- How can you practice 'secret' kindness this week to shift your focus back to God?
- Is there someone you need to forgive so that you can experience the full freedom of God's grace?
Further Reading
Immediate Context
Connections Across Scripture
Contains a parallel teaching on the folly of greed and the importance of trusting God for provision.
A famous passage that echoes Jesus' teaching on trading anxiety for prayer and peace.
Discussion Questions
- Why do you think Jesus emphasizes 'secrecy' so much in our spiritual habits like giving and praying?
- In the Lord's Prayer, why is it significant that we ask for 'daily bread' rather than a lifetime supply of resources?
- What are some 'treasures on earth' that tend to distract you most from focusing on 'treasures in heaven'?
Glossary
theological concepts
terms
Hypocrite
A term originally referring to a stage actor, used by Jesus to describe someone who puts on a show of being religious.
Gentiles
A general term used in the Bible to refer to people who are not Jewish and do not know the God of Israel.
Mammon
An old word for wealth or property, often personified as a false god that people serve.