What Can We Learn from cherubim?
Then I looked, and behold, on the expanse that was over the heads of the cherubim there appeared above them something like a sapphire, in appearance like a throne. And he said to the man clothed in linen, "Go in among the whirling wheels underneath the cherubim. Fill your hands with burning coals from between the cherubim, and scatter them over the city." And he went in before my eyes. Now the cherubim were standing on the south side of the house, when the man went in, and a cloud filled the inner court. And the glory of the Lord went up from the cherub to the threshold of the house, and the house was filled with the cloud, and the court was filled with the brightness of the glory of the Lord. And the sound of the wings of the cherubim was heard as far as the outer court, like the voice of God Almighty when he speaks. And when he commanded the man clothed in linen, “Take fire from between the whirling wheels, from between the cherubim,” he went in and stood beside a wheel. And a cherub stretched out his hand from between the cherubim to the fire that was between the cherubim, and took some of it and put it into the hands of the man clothed in linen, who took it and went out. And the cherubim appeared to have the form of a human hand under their wings. And as I looked, behold, four wheels beside the cherubim, one beside each cherub, and the appearance of the wheels was like sparkling beryl. And as for their appearance, the four had the same likeness, as if a wheel were within a wheel. And when they went, they went in any of their four directions without turning as they went, but in whatever direction the front wheel faced, the others followed without turning as they went. And their whole body, their backs, their hands, and their wings, and the wheels were full of eyes all around—the wheels that the four of them had. As for the wheels, they were called in my hearing "the whirling wheels." And every one had four faces: the first face was the face of the cherub, and the second face was a human face, and the third the face of a lion, and the fourth the face of an eagle. And the cherubim mounted up. These were the living creatures that I saw by the Chebar canal. And when the cherubim went, the wheels went beside them. And when the cherubim lifted up their wings to mount up from the earth, the wheels did not turn from beside them. When they stood still, these stood still, and when they mounted up, these mounted up with them, for the spirit of the living creatures was in them. Then the glory of the Lord went out from the threshold of the house, and stood over the cherubim. And the cherubim lifted up their wings and mounted up from the earth before my eyes as they went out, with the wheels beside them. And they stood at the entrance of the east gate of the house of the Lord, and the glory of the God of Israel was over them. This is the living creature that I saw under the God of Israel by the Chebar canal; and I knew that they were cherubim. Each had four faces, and each four wings, and underneath their wings the likeness of human hands. And the likeness of their faces was the same faces whose appearance I had seen by the Chebar canal. Each one moved straight forward.
Key Facts
Term Name
Cherubim
Role
Celestial Guardians
Born
Created by God
Died
Eternal
Key Takeaways
- Cherubim are celestial guardians symbolizing divine holiness and sacred boundaries.
- Ezekiel's vision portrays cherubim with four faces and wheels, representing God's sovereign presence.
- Cherubim's imagery reflects the balance between divine accessibility and reverence in Scripture.
Who Were the Cherubim in the Bible?
Building on their appearance in Ezekiel, the cherubim hold a significant role as divine guardians in biblical narrative.
The cherubim are first mentioned in Genesis 3:24, where God stationed them at the eastern entrance of Eden to guard the way to the tree of life after humanity’s fall. In Exodus 25:18-20, they are described as ornate figures atop the Ark of the Covenant, symbolizing God’s presence and holiness. These roles highlight their function as protectors of sacred spaces and divine mysteries.
Their imagery underscores a theological tension between divine accessibility and the need for reverence. This duality sets the stage for exploring their evolving symbolism in later biblical texts.
Cherubim in Ezekiel's Vision
In Ezekiel 10:1-22, the cherubim appear as complex, radiant figures whose detailed description deepens the biblical portrayal of divine majesty and holiness.
Ezekiel’s vision depicts the cherubim with four faces—lion, ox, human, and eagle (Ezekiel 10:14)—each symbolizing distinct aspects of creation’s subordination to God. Their bodies, covered in human hands, and their wheels, described as "a wheel within a wheel," gleam with a "bubbling chrysolite" (Ezekiel 10:9-10). These wheels, full of eyes, suggest omniscience and divine oversight, while the cherubim’s movements are synchronized with the throne of God’s glory. The vision emphasizes their role as mediators between the divine and the earthly realm.
The cherubim’s dynamic movements—ascending, descending, and gliding—symbolize God’s active presence and sovereign authority (Ezekiel 10:16-19). When the cherubim depart, the glory of the Lord rises and follows them, illustrating the inseparable link between these beings and divine power.
This intricate vision underscores the cherubim’s function as both guardians and instruments of God’s will, their imagery foreshadowing later theological reflections on angelic hierarchies and the nature of divine presence in sacred space.
Symbolism and Role in Scripture
The cherubim’s symbolism in Scripture deepens with their association to divine holiness, justice, and protective presence in key prophetic texts.
In Isaiah 6:2, cherubim are depicted as guarding the threshold of God’s throne, their wings and fire underscoring His holiness and the gravity of approaching Him. This imagery reinforces their role as enforcers of divine justice, ensuring reverence for God’s sacred space.
Revelation 4:6-8 expands this symbolism, portraying cherubim-like beings (called "living creatures") in perpetual worship around God’s throne, emphasizing His eternal sovereignty and unceasing vigilance. Their ceaseless activity reflects both the majesty of God’s rule and His protective care over creation. These passages collectively highlight how cherubim embody the tension between God’s inaccessible holiness and His active engagement with the world through justice and guardianship.
What We Can Learn From the Cherubim
The cherubim’s imagery reminds us that God’s holiness demands both reverence and a structured order to reflect His sovereign majesty.
Their role in guarding sacred spaces (Isaiah 6:2) underscores the seriousness of approaching God, while their synchronized movements in Ezekiel 10:16-19 reveal a divine order that mirrors the harmony of God’s rule over creation.
Further Reading
Key Scripture Mentions
Genesis 3:24
Cherubim placed at Eden's entrance to guard the tree of life after humanity's fall.
Exodus 25:18-20
Cherubim atop the Ark of the Covenant symbolizing God's presence and holiness.
Ezekiel 10:1-22
Detailed vision of cherubim with four faces and wheels, emphasizing divine majesty.
Related Concepts
Divine Holiness (Theological Concepts)
The cherubim's role underscores God's transcendent holiness and sacred boundaries.
Ark of the Covenant (Places)
Ornate chest with cherubim figures symbolizing God's covenant presence.
Four Faces (Symbols)
Representing creation's subordination to God in Ezekiel's vision.
Ezekiel's Vision (Events)
Prophetic encounter revealing cherubim's role in divine sovereignty and judgment.