Chapter Summary
Core Passages from Isaiah 59
Isaiah 59:1-2Behold, the Lord's hand is not shortened, that it cannot save, or his ear dull, that it cannot hear; but your iniquities have made a separation between you and your God, and your sins have hidden his face from you so that he does not hear.
These verses correct the misunderstanding that God is unable or unwilling to help. Isaiah states plainly that God's power is limitless, but the people's sin has created a wall, severing the connection.Isaiah 59:16He saw that there was no man, and wondered that there was no one to intercede; then his own arm brought him salvation, and his righteousness upheld him.
This is the chapter's turning point, where God sees the complete absence of human justice and decides to act. His own strength and righteousness are all that is needed to bring about salvation.Isaiah 59:20"And a Redeemer will come to Zion, to those in Jacob who turn from transgression,” declares the Lord.
Here, the hope for the future is crystallized in the promise of a Redeemer. This figure will come to Zion specifically for those who turn away from their sin, offering restoration and a new beginning.
Historical & Cultural Context
The Great Disconnect: Why God Seems Distant
The chapter opens by confronting a painful question likely on the minds of the people: 'If God is all-powerful, why isn't He saving us?' Isaiah delivers a direct and challenging answer. He clarifies that the problem is not with God's power or willingness, but with the people's sin. Their iniquities have become a massive barrier, effectively hiding God's face and silencing their prayers, causing a deep spiritual disconnect.
A Society in Collapse: The Consequences of Sin
Having identified the root cause, Isaiah then paints a grim picture of a society collapsing under the weight of its own sin. He describes a world where the legal system is corrupt, truth is nowhere to be found, and violence is a daily reality. The imagery of crooked paths and stumbling in darkness illustrates a nation that has completely lost its moral compass, showing the tangible, real-world consequences of spiritual separation.
The Divine Warrior Arrives: God's Personal Intervention
When the situation seems utterly hopeless, the perspective dramatically shifts from earth to heaven. God looks down and sees the total breakdown of justice and the absence of anyone who can intervene. In response, He doesn't abandon His people but prepares for battle Himself. Clothed in righteousness and salvation, God becomes the Divine Warrior, stepping into the chaos to bring the justice and redemption that no human could.
From Diagnosis to Deliverance
Isaiah 59 unfolds like a divine courtroom proceeding. It begins with the prophet laying out the case against the people, detailing how their sins have fractured their relationship with God and their society. This is followed by a heartfelt confession from the people, who finally admit they are lost in the dark. The scene culminates with God, the ultimate judge, stepping down from the bench to become the Redeemer, promising to personally rescue and restore His people.
The Real Barrier Between God and Us (Isaiah 59:1-8)
1 Behold, the Lord's hand is not shortened, that it cannot save, or his ear dull, that it cannot hear;
2 but your iniquities have made a separation between you and your God, and your sins have hidden his face from you so that he does not hear.
3 For your hands are defiled with blood and your fingers with iniquity; your lips have spoken lies; your tongue mutters wickedness.
4 No one enters suit justly; no one goes to law honestly; they rely on empty pleas, they speak lies; they conceive mischief and give birth to iniquity.
5 They hatch adders' eggs; they weave the spider's web; he who eats their eggs dies, and from one that is crushed a viper is hatched.
6 Their webs will not serve as clothing; men will not cover themselves with what they make. Their works are works of iniquity, and deeds of violence are in their hands.
7 Their feet run to evil, and they are swift to shed innocent blood; their thoughts are thoughts of iniquity; desolation and destruction are in their highways.
8 The way of peace they do not know, and there is no justice in their paths; they have made their roads crooked; no one who treads on them knows peace.
Commentary:
God is always able to save, but the people's sin has created a separation that blocks His help.
A Confession from the Darkness (Isaiah 59:9-15a)
9 Therefore justice is far from us, and righteousness does not overtake us; we hope for light, and behold, darkness, and for brightness, but we walk in gloom.
10 We grope for the wall like the blind; we grope like those who have no eyes; we stumble at noon as in the twilight, among those in full vigor we are like dead men.
11 We all growl like bears; we moan and moan like doves; we hope for justice, but there is none; for salvation, but it is far from us.
12 For our transgressions are multiplied before you, and our sins testify against us; for our transgressions are with us, and we know our iniquities:
13 transgressing, and denying the Lord, and turning back from following our God, speaking oppression and revolt, conceiving and uttering from the heart lying words.
14 Justice is turned back, and righteousness stands far away; for truth has stumbled in the public squares, and uprightness cannot enter.
15 Truth is lacking, and he who departs from evil makes himself a prey.
Commentary:
The people admit their sin is the reason they are lost, stumbling in darkness without justice or hope.
God Prepares for Battle (Isaiah 59:15b-19)
15 Truth is lacking, and he who departs from evil makes himself a prey.
16 He saw that there was no man, and wondered that there was no one to intercede; then his own arm brought him salvation, and his righteousness upheld him.
17 He put on righteousness as a breastplate, and a helmet of salvation on his head; he put on garments of vengeance for clothing, and wrapped himself in zeal as a cloak.
18 According to their deeds, so will he repay, wrath to his adversaries, repayment to his enemies; to the coastlands he will render repayment.
19 So they shall fear the name of the Lord from the west, and his glory from the rising of the sun; for he will come like a rushing stream, which the wind of the Lord drives.
Commentary:
Seeing that no human can fix the problem, God arms Himself to personally bring salvation and justice.
The Promise of a Redeemer and a New Covenant (Isaiah 59:20-21)
20 "And a Redeemer will come to Zion, to those in Jacob who turn from transgression,” declares the Lord.
21 "And as for me, this is my covenant with them," says the Lord: "My Spirit that is upon you, and my words that I have put in your mouth, shall not depart out of your mouth, or out of the mouth of your offspring, or out of the mouth of your children's offspring," says the Lord, "from this time forth and forevermore."
Commentary:
God promises to send a Redeemer and establish a new, unbreakable covenant of His Spirit and Word.
The Problem, the Intervention, and the Promise
The Separating Power of Sin
Isaiah 59 teaches that sin is more than breaking rules. It is a corrosive force that actively creates a barrier between humanity and God. This separation isn't because God moves away, but because our sin makes it impossible for us to remain in the presence of His holiness, effectively hiding His face from us.
God as the Divine Warrior and Redeemer
When human systems of justice fail and no one is left to stand for what is right, God does not remain distant. This chapter reveals His character as an active warrior who steps into history, armed with righteousness and salvation, to fight on behalf of His people and redeem them from a hopeless situation.
The Failure of Human Solutions
The chapter paints a vivid picture of a society where justice, truth, and peace have vanished because the people have abandoned God. It serves as a powerful reminder that human efforts to create a just and peaceful world are ultimately futile and self-destructive when disconnected from their divine source.
The Hope of an Everlasting Covenant
Despite the grim diagnosis of sin, the chapter ends with incredible hope. God's ultimate goal is not to judge but to restore relationship through a Redeemer and a new covenant. This promise, sealed by God's own Spirit and Word, ensures a future where the connection between God and His people will be unbreakable.
Taking Isaiah 59 to Heart
Isaiah 59:1-2 directly confronts this by stating that God's hand is never too short to save. It encourages you to look inward first, asking if there is any unconfessed sin or 'iniquity' that has created a separation. The problem is not God's ability, but often our own choices that build a wall between us and Him.
We see these 'crooked roads' in dishonest business practices, political corruption, and the spread of misinformation that causes division. As Isaiah 59:14 notes, when 'truth has stumbled in the public squares,' society suffers. This calls you to be a person of integrity and a voice for truth in your own spheres of influence, however small they may seem.
This image is a powerful reminder that you do not fight your battles alone. When you feel overwhelmed by injustice, temptation, or a situation that seems hopeless, God is not a passive observer. Isaiah 59:17 assures you that He is actively engaged, clothed in salvation and righteousness, fighting to bring redemption into your life.
Our Sin Separates, God's Grace Redeems
Isaiah 59 delivers a stark diagnosis of the human condition: our sin creates a chasm that we cannot cross on our own. It reveals that the decay we see in society is a symptom of this deep spiritual separation from God. Yet, the ultimate message is one of deep hope: when humanity is utterly lost and without a solution, God Himself intervenes, bringing the salvation we could never achieve and promising a Redeemer to restore the broken relationship forever.
What This Means for Us Today
This chapter moves us from a painful diagnosis to a powerful promise. It shows that God's response to our deepest failure is not abandonment, but personal intervention. The promise of a Redeemer is an invitation to turn from our own crooked paths and receive the salvation that only He can provide.
- What 'iniquities' might be creating a separation between you and God right now?
- How can you be a person who upholds truth when it seems to be 'lacking' around you?
- In what area of your life do you need to trust in God as your Redeemer and Divine Warrior?
Further Reading
Immediate Context
This chapter sets the stage by condemning hypocritical worship and defining true religion as acts of justice and mercy, which the people in chapter 59 have failed to do.
Following the promise of a Redeemer in chapter 59, this chapter bursts forth with a glorious vision of Zion's future restoration, filled with the light and glory of the Lord.
Connections Across Scripture
The Apostle Paul quotes from Isaiah 59 to build his case that all humanity, both Jew and Gentile, is trapped in sin and unable to save itself.
The imagery of God's armor in Isaiah 59:17 is directly echoed here, as Paul instructs believers to put on the 'full armor of God' to stand firm in their spiritual battles.
This passage shows the very first instance of sin creating separation, as Adam and Eve's disobedience caused them to hide from God's presence in fear and shame.
Thematic Connections
This Psalm is a profound personal confession of sin and a plea for restoration, mirroring the corporate confession found in Isaiah 59.
Discussion Questions
- Isaiah 59:2 says 'your iniquities have made a separation between you and your God.' In what practical ways have you experienced sin creating distance in your relationship with God or with other people?
- The chapter describes a society where 'truth has stumbled in the public squares' (v. 14). Where do you see this happening today, and what is our role as believers in upholding truth?
- God steps in as a Redeemer when He sees 'no one to intercede' (v. 16). How does this motivate you to pray for others, and how does it give you hope when situations seem impossible?
Glossary
theological concepts
Iniquity
A term for deep-rooted sin and moral corruption, going beyond a simple mistake to describe a twisted or crooked nature.
Covenant
A sacred, binding promise initiated by God that defines the terms of His relationship with His people.
Righteousness
The quality of being morally right and just; in a biblical sense, it means being in a right standing with God.